5 Exact Positioning and Formatting of Basic Notation Elements

In this section, the mechanisms for the exact formatting and positioning of basic notation elements are presented. In most cases, the corresponding Basic GUIDO tags are extended with new parameters; however, some new tags are introduced while extensions of some of the Basic GUIDO tags are discussed in other sections (such as \text).

5.1 Dynamic markings

5.1.1 \intens, \i

This tag indicates a dynamic marking and associates it with a relative intensity value. The \intens tag is associated with the metrical position of the note immediately following it and carries to the next dynamic marking. \i and \intens are synonymous.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: none

Remarks: (none) Examples:

      ... 

5.1.2 \cresc, \dim, \decresc

These tags are used to realise crescendos and diminuendos (or decrescendos); \dim and \decresc are synonymous. For all three tags, two graphical styles exist: one, where the marking is displayed as a wedge, and a second, where it is displayed as text plus a dashed line indicating the range. The beginning dynamic marking (and intensity) is taken from the last \intens setting (or unspecified, if no \intens occurred before in the current voice); the ending dynamic marking (and intensity) can be specified with these tags.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: oligatory

Remarks:

Examples:

5.1.3\crescBegin, \dimBegin, \decrescBegin

These tags indicate the beginning of a crescendo/diminuendo section which ends at the next \crescEnd/\dimEnd tag; the crescendo starts from the current dynamic marking. Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: none

Remarks: (none)

Examples:

5.1.4 \crescEnd, \dimEnd, \decrescEnd

These tags indicate the end of a crescendo\diminuendo section which began at the last \crescBegin/\dimBegin tag. The style attribute (which determines which parameter these tags accept) is specified with the corresponding \crescBegin / \dimBegin / \decrescBegin tags.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: none

Remarks: (none)

Examples:

5.2 Tempo indications

5.2.1 \tempo

This tagis used to indicate tempo markings; at the same time it allows to specify the absolute tempo for playback.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: none

Remarks:

Examples:

5.2.2 \accel,\rit

These tags indicates an accelerando/ritardando; the beginning tempo marking (and absolute tempo) is taken from the last \tempo setting (or unspecified, if no \tempo occurred before in the current voice); the ending tempo marking (and absolute tempo) can be specified with these tags. The accelerando/ritardando is graphically marked by the text "accel."/"rit." and a horizontal dashed line indicating the range.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: obligatory

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.2.3 \accelBegin, \ritBegin

These tags indicate the beginning of a accelerando/ritardando section which ends at the next \accelEnd/\ritEnd tag; the accelerando/ritardando starts from the current tempo.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: (none)

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.2.4 \accelEnd, \ritEnd

These tags indicate the end of an accelerando/ritardando section which began at the last \accelBegin/\ritBegin/ritardando tag.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: (none)

Remarks: Examples:
...

5.3 \instr

5.3.1 Instrument indications

This tag sets defines the instrument for the current voice to and associates it with an an instrument identifier used for playback.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.4 Slurs and ties

5.4.1 \slur

This tag slurs notes together. For slurred chords, only one slur is graphically represented. Graphically, a model with three control points is assumed, the outermost of which are located at either end of the slur; the middle control point is located between these on the slur at the point of maximal distance between the slur and the straight line connecting the two centers of leftmost and rightmost note heads in the range.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: obligatory

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.4.2 \slurBegin,\slurEnd

Used for representing slurs when the range overlaps with ranges of other tags.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions): (see \slur.)

Range: none

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.4.3 \tie

This tag ties notes together; it is only to be used for two or more notes with identical pitch. For tied chords, the number of voices in each chord and all pitches have to be be identical; in this case, the voices in all voices are tied, respectively.

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: obligatory

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.4.4 \tieBegin,\tieEnd

Used for representing ties when the range overlaps with ranges of other tags.

Call syntax:

\tieBegin<dx1,dy1>
\tieEnd<dx2, r3,h>

Parameters (in the order of their default positions): (see \tie.)

Range: none

Remarks:

Examples:
...

5.5 Accents and Expressive Markings

5.5.1 \stacc, \ten, \marcato, \accent

These tags indicate a staccato/tenuto/marcato/accented articulation for a range of notes.

Call syntax:

\stacc<dx,dy,size>
\ten<dx,dy,size>
\marcato<dx,dy,size>
\accent<dx,dy,size>

Range: optional

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Remarks: (none)

Examples:
...

5.6 Trills and Ornaments

5.6.1 \trill, \mord, \turn

These tags indicate trills/mordents/turns; they are applied to a range containing one or more chords, where the first voice of each chord specifies the principal note and the other voices auxiliary notes.

  \trill<speed,dx,dy,size>

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: obligatory

Semantics:

Remarks: Examples:
...

5.7 Tremolo

5.7.1 \trem

This tag indicates tremolo notes. Measured tremolo (indicated by slashes through the note stem or below/above the notehead and optionally the marking "trem").

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Remarks:

Examples:

3.3.14 \fermata

Indicates a fermata at the current metric position (for use between notes).

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: optional

Semantics:

Remarks: (none)

Examples:
        \
       ...



3.3.15 \grace

This tag marks notes as grace notes.

\grace<i,format>

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: optional

Semantics:

Remarks: Examples:
        \
       ...

 
3.3.16 \clef

This tag sets or hides clef.

\clef<type,size>
 
Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Range: (none)

Semantics:

Remarks: Examples:
        \ 
       ...
 

3.3.17 \meter

This tag sets the time signature. Parameters (in the order of their default positions): Range: optional

Semantics:

Remarks: Examples:
        \ 
       ..
.

3.3.18 \key

This tag indicates a key

\key<sig,size1,...,sizeN>

\key<name,size1,...,sizeN>

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):
Call1:

Call2: Range: optional

Semantics:

Remarks:

Examples:
        \

       ...

 

3.3.19 \oct

This tag indicates the beginning of a section which is transposed upwards.

\oct<i,dy,size>
  \oct<i,dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2,size>

Parameters (in the order of their default positions):

Call1:

Call2: Range: optional

Semantics:

Remarks: Examples:
        \

       ...